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Yes, it can be done. Stop stripping and the pressure will increase. Mars will begin to terraform itself. This is what we want: for the planet to participate as much as it can. When the pressure rises, the temperature rises.
The first level of terraforming is at 60 millibars, which is 10 times higher than where we are now. This is called the Armstrong limit, where your blood doesn’t boil if you get to the surface. If you didn’t need a spacesuit, you would have much more flexibility and mobility. Higher temperature and pressure allows you to start the process of growing plants in the soil.
There are several scenarios of how to make a magnetic shield. I’m trying to publish an article I’ve been working on for about two years. It will not be well received. The planetary community doesn’t like the idea of terraforming anything. But you know. I think we can also replace Venus with a physical shield that reflects the light. We form a shield and all the temperature begins to drop.
NASA in 2015 Europa Clipper confirms mission To search for signs of life on Jupiter’s moon Europa, which will be launched in 2024, following the detection of plumes erupting from the subterranean ocean in 2013. Did you want this mission to happen sooner?
Ah, yes, I would have loved to have seen it earlier, but this was not going to happen. There is a very large set of specific missions called strategic missions. For these to really happen, the stars must align. You have to propose it, have a solid case study, go to NASA administration, and then present it to Congress. Every year I propose a European mission. Every year. Management was not interested in going to Europa.
What makes the Europa mission happen is the feathers on Europa. I was at an American Geophysical Union meeting in 2013. A few of the scientists were going to give a speech. Finding a feather with Hubble on Europa, and I say, “Oh my God.” I said this is great, I want to hold a press conference. I called back NASA headquarters and they removed it. I took this information centrally and added it to Europa’s story. This has really turned the corner. “Wow, maybe we should do this,” they said.
Congress decided against putting an all-terrain vehicle on the mission. Did you want one?
I would like to own a land, but it’s not in the cards. This makes the task very complicated, but everything we do in the Clipper goes towards a lander. I insisted we have a high resolution viewer, as we fly over certain areas we will get the information we need to go, “Let’s land there now, safely”. Europa has really dangerous terrains, so if we don’t get high-definition imaging, we’ll never be able to land.
You want to take a step, but not a big step. When you do this, you will fail. Viking is the example where we took a huge step forward. We didn’t know where we were going, we didn’t know enough about the soils or the toxins in the soils. We didn’t really get a good idea of where water was on the planet in the past. Before we brought the two Vikings to the surface, there were 10 things we needed to know.
Will you still work on scientific papers in retirement?
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