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Compressing gases to store energy is nothing new: For decades, several plants around the world have been pumping air under pressure into large underground caverns and then using it to generate electricity in a natural gas power plant. But the Energy Dome has turned into carbon dioxide because of its physics.
When carbon dioxide is squeezed to high enough pressures, it turns into a liquid that air cannot do unless cooled to very low temperatures. Liquid carbon dioxide can fit into smaller steel tanks near where renewable energy is produced and used.
In Energy Dome’s designs, a flexible membrane traps carbon dioxide at low pressure within a giant dome. When excess electricity is available, the gas passes through a compressor to reach high pressure. This process also generates stored heat.
Then, when energy is needed, the stored heat is used to heat the carbon dioxide, which compresses a turbine to generate and rotate electricity.
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