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February 1969
“From Human, Machine and Information Flight Systems”: Apollo 8’s flight to the moon, II. The technological success in developing advanced rockets to fly to the moon is well known. Much less understood, but perhaps of greater importance is the information management system. The work of thousands of people in real time and the data processed by many powerful computers is organized, processed, filtered and channeled through one to three people in the cockpit in an understandable and digestible manner. With this information, pilots can take action with confidence knowing they are in league with their powerful logic systems and overwhelmingly large number of memory storage cells.
February 1986
From the “Multiprocessor Revolution: Combining Computers”: By combining several relatively inexpensive VLSI processors in a multiprocessor system, we can significantly reduce the cost of achieving today’s highest computing speeds. Many of us harbor expectations that this new type of machine will enable some of our most romantic and ambitious aspirations: these new machines can recognize images, understand speech, and act smarter. Even anthropomorphic evidence suggests that many processors must work together for computers to work intelligently. Consider the human eye, where millions of neurons cooperate to help us see. What arrogant reasoning has led us to believe that a single processor capable of only a few million instructions per second can exhibit intelligence?
May 1999
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